Fungsi Tombol CTRL dari A Z

Jumpa lagi dengan saya, kali ini Machfud blog akan share tentang fungsi jalan pintas yang menggunakan tombol ctrl/ control . alasan saya mengapa memposting artikel gak mutu ini adalah karena saya sendiri tidak hapal semuannya hahahahha jadi kalau lupa tinggal klik artikel ni.. langsung aja cekidot :

Inilah Fungsi Tombol CTRL dari A-Z

CTRL + A

(ALL) --- fungsi memblok keseluruhan teks

CTRL + B

(BOLD) --- fungsi menebalkan teks

CTRL + C

(COPY) --- fungsi meng Copy teks

CTRL + D

--- fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Font

CTRL + E

(EQUATOR) --- fungsi rata tengah teks

CTRL + F

(FIND) ---fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Find and Replace

CTRL + G

(GO TO) --- fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Find and Replace

CTRL + H

--- fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Find and Replace (tab Replace)

CTRL + I

(ITALIC) --- fungsi membuat teks menjadi miring

CTRL + J

(JUSTIFY) --- fungsi rata kanan & kiri pada teks

CTRL + K

--- fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Insert Hyperlink

CTRL + L

(LEFT) --- fungsi rata kiri pada teks

CTRL + M

--- fungsi menggeser First Line Indent dan Left Tab pada mistar dokumen

CTRL + N

(NEW) --- fungsi membuka dokumen baru

CTRL + O

(OPEN) --- fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Open

CTRL + P

(PRINT) --- fungsi membuka menu/kotak dialog Print

CTRL + Q

--- fungsi menghilangkan nomor urut

CTRL + R

(RIGHT) --- fungsi membuat teks menjadi rata kana

CTRL + S

(SAVE) --- fungsi menyimpan dokume

CTRL + T

--- fungsi menggeser Left Tab pada mistar dokumen

CTRL + U

(UNDERLINE) --- fungsi menggarisbawahi teks

CTRL + V

(PASTE) --- fungsi menampilkan hasil teks yang sudah di Copy

CTRL + W

--- fungsi menyimpan dan langsung menutup program ms. Office yang di pakai

CTRL + X

(CUT) --- fungsi menghapus teks (teks terlebih dahulu di blok)

CTRL + Y

(RE DO) --- fungsi mengulang/meneruskan kembali aktivitas yang dibatalkan

CTRL + Z

(UN DO) --- fungsi membatalkan aktivitas terakhir

Semoga bermanfaat...

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Apple MacBook Pro MD314LL A 13 3 Inch Laptop

DVD Store | Computer Store | Computer | Notebooks | Netbooks | Laptops | IPAD | Gadget | Kindle Fire |

Introducting a new version of Apple Macbook Pro . The state-of-the-art dual-core Intel i7 processor delivers up to 2x faster performance (over the previous generation of MacBook Pro). New Thunderbolt technology lets you connect high-performance peripherals and high-resolution displays to a single port, and transfer files at lightning speeds. And with the built-in FaceTime HD camera, you can make astonishingly crisp HD video calls.

As with previous models, the MacBook Pro features a precision unibody enclosure crafted from a single block of aluminum, creating a thin and light mobile computing workhorse (less than 1 inch thin and just 4.5 pounds) thats also highly durable. And it includes a 13.3-inch, LED-backlit glass display as well as a glass trackpad that doesnt include a button (for larger tracking area) that features Apples Multi-Touch technology. Youll also get up to 7 hours of battery life while on the go.

This version of the 13.3-inch MacBook Pro (model MD314LL/A) features a second-generation 2.8 GHz Core i7 dual-core processor, 750 GB hard drive, and 4 GB of installed RAM. Other features include integrated Intel HD Graphics 3000 graphics, ultra-fast Wireless-N Wi-Fi networking, Bluetooth connectivity, an SDXC card slot, two USB 2.0 ports, and a FireWire 800 port.

Apple Macbook Pro is the best of laptop now, so you must have macbook.

List Price:	$1,499.00
Price:	$1,424.99

DETAILS | BUY IT NOW FOR SPECIAL PRICE

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HIGH CLASS LEVEL MacBook Pro MD311 LL A overview

Introducing the 17-inch MacBook Pro. The state-of-the-art quad-core Intel i7 processor delivers up to 2x faster performance (over the previous generation of MacBook Pro). New Thunderbolt technology lets you connect high-performance peripherals and high-resolution displays to a single port, and transfer files at lightning speeds. And with the built-in FaceTime HD camera, you can make astonishingly crisp HD video calls.

The 17-inch unibody MacBook Pro with Thunderbolt technology

With the revolutionary Thunderbolt technology, youll be able to achieve bi-directional channels with transfer speeds to peripherals like external hard drives and servers up to an amazing 10 Gbps--while also connecting to a DisplayPort-compatible high-resolution display.

As with previous models, the MacBook Pro features a precision unibody enclosure crafted from a single block of aluminum, creating a thin and light mobile computing workhorse

(less than 1 inch thin and just 6.6 pounds) thats also highly durable. It includes a 17-inch, LED-backlit glass display as well as a glass trackpad that doesnt include a button (for larger tracking area) that features Apples Multi-Touch technology. And it comes standard with automatic graphics switching that provides performance when you need it and energy efficiency when you dont. Youll also get up to 7 hours of battery life while on the go.

This version of the 17-inch MacBook Pro (model MD311LL/A) features a second-generation 2.4 GHz Core i7 quad-core processor, 750 GB hard drive, and 4 GB of installed RAM. Other features include ultra-fast Wireless-N Wi-Fi networking, Bluetooth connectivity, an ExpressCard/34 slot, three USB 2.0 ports, and a FireWire 800 port.

FaceTime HD camera built into the bezel for crisp, widescreen video chats

The backlit keyboard--great for typing in low-light settings .

Key Features

Revolutionary Thunderbolt Technology

Developed by Intel with collaboration from Apple, high-speed Thunderbolt I/O (input/output) technology delivers an amazing 10 gigabits per second of transfer speeds in both directions. Built into the MacBook Pro, the Thunderbolt port allows you to connect to new Thunderbolt-compatible peripherals as well as existing USB and FireWire peripherals using simple adapters. Youll be able to move data up to 20 times faster than with USB 2.0 and more than 12 times faster than with FireWire 800, and you can daisy-chain multiple high-speed devices without using a hub.

And because Thunderbolt is based on DisplayPort technology, youll be able to connect to a high-resolution display from the same port. Any Mini DisplayPort display plugs right into the Thunderbolt port, and you can also connect displays that use DisplayPort, DVI, HDMI, or VGA connections with an existing adapter. Youll also be able to include your display into a daisy-chained set of peripherals.

Next-Generation Quad-Core Intel Processor

This MacBook Pro is powered by a second-generation Intel Core i7 quad-core processor, which provides breakthrough digital media management, content creation, and 3D gaming capabilities. With updated Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, the latest Core i7 increases speed automatically for whatever youre doing, dynamically accelerating performance to match your workload.

Intels Hyper-Threading Technology enables each core of your processor to work on two tasks at the same time, delivering the performance you need for smart multitasking. And youll enjoy a rich set of new features for a stunning and seamless visual experience with no additional hardware. The Core i7 processor also provides faster access to the installed RAM, with an integrated memory controller to connect fast 1333 MHz memory directly to the processor.

With new microarchitecture, the graphics processor resides on the same chip as the central processor and has direct access to the 6 MB of shared L3 cache--helping your applications run at peak performance. And an integrated video encoder enables HD video calls with FaceTime, while an efficient decoder gives you long battery life when youre watching DVDs or iTunes movies.

Automatic Graphics Switching

The MacBook Pro offers excellent graphics flexibility with two video processors--the discrete AMD Radeon HD 6770M processor (with 1 GB of GDDR5 video memory) for heavier workloads and an integrated Intel HD Graphics 3000 processor for better battery life on the go. When gaming or using processor-intensive applications like Aperture or Final Cut Pro, youll appreciate the power of the AMD Radeon HD 6770M, which lets you see more frames per second and experience better responsiveness. And the automatic graphics switching feature determines which graphics processor an application needs and switches instantly between the processors.

Buttonless Multi-Touch Trackpad

With no button on the glass trackpad, theres more room to track and click--left, right, center, and everywhere in between. Without a separate button, the trackpad gives your hands plenty of room to move on the large, silky glass surface. It also incorporates Multi-Touch gestures--including swipe, pinch, rotate, and four-finger swipe. And it also now supports inertial scrolling, an intuitive way to scroll through large photo libraries, lengthy documents and long web sites.

 

 

Key Specifications

• 17-inch LED-backlit glossy widescreen display with edge-to-edge, uninterrupted glass (1920 x 1200-pixel resolution).
• 2.4 GHz Intel Core i7 quad-core processor ("Sandy Bridge") with 6 MB shared L3 cache for excellent multitasking.
• Dual graphics processors with automatic switching between AMD Radeon HD 6770M (with 1 GB of GDDR5 video memory) for demanding applications and integrated Intel HD Graphics 3000 (with 384 MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory) for power savings.
• 750 GB Serial ATA hard drive (5400 RPM)
• 4 GB installed RAM (1333 MHz DDR3; supports up to 8 GB)
• 8x slot-loading SuperDrive with double-layer DVD support (DVD±R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW)
• Built-in FaceTime HD camera for video chatting
• Wi-Fi wireless networking (based on 802.11n specification; 802.11a/b/g compatible)
• Gigabit Ethernet wired networking (10/100/1000)
• Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) for connecting with peripherals such as keyboards, mice and cell phones
• Three USB 2.0 ports, one FireWire 800 port
• ExpressCard/34 slot
• Thunderbolt port with native Mini DisplayPort output plus support for DVI, VGA, dual-link DVI, and HDMI (requires adapters, sold separately)
• Multi-Touch trackpad for precise cursor control with support for inertial scrolling, pinch, rotate, swipe, three-finger swipe, four-finger swipe, tap, double-tap, and drag capabilities
• Full-size backlit keyboard
• Stereo speakers with subwoofers
• Dimensions: 15.47 x 10.51 x 0.98 inches (WxDxH)
• Weight: 6.6 pounds
• Up to 7 hours of battery life
• Meets Energy Star 5.0 requirements
• Rated EPEAT Gold
• klik here for more detail and price on Amazon Store

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Loneliness is a thing to be felt sometime

Since from my childhood I was all alone and there are many sad stories behind these which I even don’t want to recollect which still makes me sad on thinking those days. Sometimes I used to think that I may be the unluckiest child on this earth who lost his mom when he was only eight months old and father who was as good as not there. A child who couldn’t recognize his mother when he got to see her only on 8 for the first time in his life after gaining his sense. I had to face lots and lots of difficulties in my relative’s houses. I was almost like an orphan till I joined the school in 2002 which was done by my uncle and not parents and for only these, many many thanks goes to him from deep. And this is the only reason why I think myself as a lucky man. My only sister didn’t got the chance to go to the school and get the education for which she still regret and it’s all because my useless father. Being in others houses was a very difficult and I always used to remain alone but I never lost my hope to live and survived all the hazards somehow.

My happiness arrived in 2003 when I got to stay with my mother but it was only for a year after a long time and after 2005 when I got to stay with her permanently but the loneliness was still there in me. As the years passed situation grew better and better and I got used to with the loneliness and I got adapted with it. I start liking it gradually and it was only friend. I had and have hundreds of friends but never found a friend to whom I can call as my best friend. I don’t know whether something was wrong with me or what? Best friend means a lot for me who is with us in times of happiness and sorrow. Friends are with us for only few hours or few days but after that loneliness will again grape you. Even best friends leaves us one day no matter how close we are.

The best way to escape form loneliness is to love loneliness I believe. When you start liking the feeling of loneliness, you don’t feel like hang out with friends and do crazy things always. Of course we have to do that and I too feel like doing that but not always. If we always stay with friends and enjoy every day then you tend to forget the value of friendship, celebration and enjoyment. If we celebrate the occasion occasionally then only we know the value occasion. When we love loneliness we don’t need any friends to make us happy and smile always but we’ll be happy in our own ways. We’ll get time to think more and do more things for ourselves. Without friends we can’t celebrate but we can enjoy we can’t laugh always but we can smile and above all our mind will be in peace always. When we love loneliness we’ll love silence and peace and it’s a great thing to experience sometime. It’s really hard for us to love loneliness but we have to accept it sometime. Being lonely for some time gives our mind to take rest and we’ll be in peace always.

Problems arrive when we are with friends as we feel like doing many crazy things that we are not supposed to do actually. All unwanted activities like drinking abusing drugs and fighting are all accompanied by being with friends all the time. When we are with friends we get carried away in the influence of some friends and that becomes our habits gradually. And when friends are not around us that’s when we die of being alone and it really happens sometimes. So why not make loneliness itself your friend which will never betray you. Loneliness means peace and I love peace. Loving loneliness never means to neglect our friends and stop having fun. We do have to have fun with friends enjoy with them sometimes and I too do that but we should never forget that we have to depart after meeting and we’ll again remain all alone. We should never try to run away from loneliness because we can’t. The more we try to escape from it the more we feel the pain of loneliness. If you are peace lover you should never try to do that. Just stay in your own world and enjoy with what is around you that’s life for me. If we are happy with what is around us happiness will be taken care.

                                                                                                     
                                                                    D.K Thulung Rai

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Apple MacBook Air MC965LL A 13 3 Inch Laptop NEWEST VERSION

Customer Rating :

List Price : $1,299.00 Price : $1,248.99

Product Description

The new MacBook Air is up to 2.5x faster than before. It features the latest Intel Core i5 dual-core processor, high-speed Thunderbolt I/O, a backlit keyboard, and OS X Lion, the next major release of the worlds most advanced desktop operating system. MacBook Air also comes standard with flash storage, so it boots up in seconds, launches apps quickly, and wakes from sleep in an instant. And a long-lasting battery powers MacBook Air for up to 7 hours and offers up to 30 days of standby time. All in a durable unibody design thats thin, light, and ready for anything.

Amazon.com Product Description

The new MacBook Air is up to 2.5x faster than before. It features the latest Intel Core i5 dual-core processor, high-speed Thunderbolt I/O, a backlit keyboard, and OS X Lion, the next major release of the worlds most advanced desktop operating system. MacBook Air also comes standard with flash storage, so it boots up in seconds, launches apps quickly, and wakes from sleep in an instant. And a long-lasting battery powers MacBook Air for up to 7 hours and offers up to 30 days of standby time. All in a durable unibody design thats thin, light, and ready for anything.

The MacBook Air with 13.3-inch screen--light, thin, and strong enough to take with you wherever you go (view larger).

This version of the MacBook Air (model MC965LL/A) sports a 13.3-inch high-resolution display, 1.7 GHz Intel Core i5 dual-core processor, 128 GB of flash memory storage, 4 GB of RAM, an Intel HD Graphics 3000 integrated graphics processor, and an SD card slot (see full specifications below). It also comes with the iLife software suite, which includes the latest versions of iPhoto, iMovie, and GarageBand.

OS X Lion

Every Mac comes with OS X Lion, the latest release of the worlds most advanced desktop operating system. With over 250 features including Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control, full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X Lion takes the Mac further than ever.

Key OS X Lion Features

• Mission Control provides a birds-eye view of everything running on your Mac.
• Launchpad puts all your apps front and center for easy access.
• View apps full screen and switch between them with a swipe.
• Interact with your Mac using intuitive new Multi-Touch gestures.

Key Features

Flash Memory Storage

By replacing the standard spinning hard drive typically found in laptops (as well as desktop PCs) with flash memory, the MacBook Air delivers an almost instantaneous boot-up when you open the display, as well as faster application launches and snappier overall performance. Additionally, Apple has shed the enclosure that typically surrounds flash memory (usually about the same size as a standard hard drive), thus giving it a smaller footprint and helping to decrease the size of the MacBook Air.

The ultimate do-everything, take-everywhere notebook
(view larger).

Revolutionary Thunderbolt Technology

Developed by Intel with collaboration from Apple, high-speed Thunderbolt I/O (input/output) technology delivers an amazing 10 gigabits per second of transfer speeds in both directions. Built into the MacBook Air, the Thunderbolt port allows you to connect to new Thunderbolt-compatible peripherals as well as existing USB and FireWire peripherals using simple adapters. Youll be able to move data up to 20 times faster than with USB 2.0 and more than 12 times faster than with FireWire 800, and you can daisy-chain up to six high-speed devices without using a hub. Thunderbolt also supports DisplayPort for high resolution displays and works with existing adapters for HDMI, DVI, and VGA displays.

Glass Multi-Touch Trackpad and Backlit Keyboard

With the smooth, glass Multi-Touch trackpad, the MacBook Air makes it easy to navigate OS X Lion and your software applications. You can pinch, swipe or rotate images on the display screen with the brush of two fingers, or add more digits for a four-fingered vertical swipe to open Expose and quickly glance at all of your open windows.

Spacious, full-sized keyboard with backlighting (view larger).

In spite of its compact size, the MacBook Air has a full-size keyboard for comfortable, natural typing, and its backlit so you can keep typing in even the dimmest light.

Integrated FaceTime Webcam

Youll be able to easily connect with friends, family, and business colleagues using the MacBook Airs FaceTime camera, which is integrated into the thin bezel above the display. And with Apples FaceTime application, youre not limited to video chats with other Macs--you can now make video calls to iPhone and iPod touch users (Wi-Fi connection required for mobile users).

Specifications

• 13.3-inch LED-backlit glossy widescreen display with a 1440 x 900-pixel resolution
• Up to 7 hours of wireless productivity plus up to 30 days of standby time
• 1.7 GHz Intel Core i5 dual-core processor with 3 MB shared L3 cache.
• 128 GB flash memory storage
• 4 GB installed RAM (1333 MHz DDR3; maximum capacity)
• Intel HD Graphics 3000 processor (with 384 MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory) for an outstanding everyday graphics experience.
• Built-in FaceTime camera for video chatting
• Wireless-N Wi-Fi wireless networking (based on 802.11n specification; 802.11a/b/g compatible)
• Bluetooth 4.0 technology for connecting with peripherals such as keyboards, mice, and cell phones.
• Two USB 2.0 ports with networking using optional Apple USB Ethernet adapter
• SD card slot
• Thunderbolt port with support for up to 2560 x 1600-pixel resolution (compatible with Mini DisplayPort devices)
• Built-in stereo speakers along with omnidirectional microphone, headphone port
• Full-size keyboard with backlighting
• Multi-Touch trackpad for precise cursor control; supports inertial scrolling, pinch, rotate, swipe, three-finger swipe, four-finger swipe, tap, double-tap, and drag capabilities
• Dimensions: 12.8 x 8.94 x 0.68 inches (WxDxH)
• Weight: 2.96 pounds

Whats in the Box

13.3-inch MacBook Air, 45W MagSafe power adapter, AC wall plug, power cord, printed and electronic documentation

Note: The MacBook Air does not come with an optical drive, however OS X Lion offers the convenient DVD or CD Sharing feature, which lets you wirelessly "borrow" the optical drive of a nearby Mac or PC. So you can install applications from a DVD or CD and have full access to an optical drive without having to carry one around. Additionally, you can connect an optional optical drive (such as the MacBook Air SuperDrive) via one of the USB ports.

Included Software

• OS X Lion
  Includes Mail, Address Book, iCal, the Mac App Store, iTunes, Safari, Time Machine, FaceTime, Photo Booth, Mission Control, Launchpad, AirDrop, Resume, Auto Save, Versions, Quick Look, Spotlight, QuickTime, and more.
• Lion Recovery
  OS X Lion includes a built-in set of tools for repairing your Mac in the Recovery HD, a new feature that lets you repair disks or reinstall OS X Lion without a physical disc.

Limited Warranty And Service

The MacBook Air comes with 90 days of free telephone support and a 1-year limited warranty, which can be extended to 3 years with the AppleCare Protection Plan.

AppleCare Protection Plan

Because Apple makes the hardware, the operating system, and many applications, the Mac is a truly integrated system. And only the AppleCare Protection Plan gives you one-stop service and support from Apple experts, so most issues can be resolved in a single call. Extend the complimentary service and support on your Mac to 3 years from the original Mac purchase date with the AppleCare Protection Plan. You get direct telephone access to Apple experts for technical questions, and you get global repair coverage--including both parts and labor--for your Mac and select Apple peripherals.

---

Optional Accessories and Related Products

	Apple Thunderbolt Display The worlds first Thunderbolt display doesnt just give you more pixels. It gives you more possibilities. Built-in Thunderbolt technology lets you connect as many as six devices through a single port and transfer data up to 20 times faster than with USB 2.0.
	Time Capsule Time Capsule is the revolutionary backup device that works wirelessly with Time Machine in OS X Leopard or later. It automatically backs up everything, so you never have to worry about losing important files. It also doubles as a full-featured 802.11n Wi-Fi base station. Choose from 2 TB and 3 TB models.
	Apple MacBook Air SuperDrive If you want to burn discs or install software you already own on disc, consider the external USB-based MacBook Air SuperDrive. It takes up very little space and easily connects to Mac mini with a single USB cable--theres no separate power adapter.
	Apple USB Ethernet Adapter The Apple USB Ethernet Adapter is a simple, one-piece external adapter that plugs into the USB 2.0 port of your MacBook Air to provide 10/100BASE-T performance. Simply plug your Ethernet cable into the RJ-45 connector--no external power is required. Its small, light, easy to install, and even easier to use.
	Apple Mini DisplayPort to DVI Adapter The Mini DisplayPort to DVI Adapter lets you connect an advanced digital monitor, such as the Apple Cinema Display, to your MacBook Air.
	Apple Mini DisplayPort to Dual-Link DVI Adapter Use the Mini DisplayPort to Dual-Link DVI Adapter to connect your MacBook Air to a 30-inch display that includes a DVI connector, such as the 30-inch Apple Cinema HD Display.
	Apple Mini DisplayPort to VGA Adapter The Mini DisplayPort to VGA Adapter lets you connect a standard analog monitor, projector, or LCD that uses a VGA connector or cable to your MacBook Air.

• 1.7 GHz Intel Core i5 dual-core processor
• 4GB DDR3 RAM
• 128GB Solid-State Hard Drive
• 13.3-Inch Screen
• Mac OS, 7 hours Battery Life

Apple MacBook Air MC965LL/A 13.3-Inch Laptop (NEWEST VERSION) Reviews

Apple MacBook Air MC965LL/A 13.3-Inch Laptop (NEWEST VERSION) Reviews

Customer Reviews

Average Customer Review

 ( 183 customer reviews)

183 Reviews

5 star:		(135)
4 star:		(25)
3 star:		(9)
2 star:		(3)
1 star:		(11)

493 of 514 people found the following review helpful Comparison to the 2011 Macbook Pro 13", July 29, 2011 By  Wayne N - See all my reviews This review is from: Apple MacBook Air MC965LL/A 13.3-Inch Laptop (NEWEST VERSION) (Personal Computers) Updated March 11th, 2012 - skip to bottom to read updates. Ive owned the machine for 7 months now and have simplified the review for your convenience. Things I like: + Light weight; 2.9 lbs (1.3 kg). You can easily hold it with one hand - the MBP 13" is noticeably heavier at 4.5 lbs. + Solid build quality like the MBPs. Chassis is rock solid, no keyboard flex, screen housing is rigid with minor flex in the middle. + Better ergonomics than the MBPs; the palm rest edges dont dig into your wrists like the edges on the MBPs do. + Same fluid multitouch trackpad and the backlit keyboard makes a return. + The screen is a pleasure to use with its high resolution (1440 x 900) and semi-gloss finish. There is no glass cover so there will be dramatically less reflections compared to the screen of the MBPs I personally chose the Air over the Pro because of reduced glare. + 18 second boot ups and 3... Read more Help other customers find the most helpful reviews  Was this review helpful to you?  Report abuse | Permalink   Comments (48) 150 of 161 people found the following review helpful Great Looks, Speedy Laptop. Gets hot and loud under moderate CPU load., August 15, 2011 By  Alex Green "alx779" (Toronto, Canada) - See all my reviews This review is from: Apple MacBook Air MC966LL/A 13.3-Inch Laptop (NEWEST VERSION) (Personal Computers) I have been using my new 13" Macbook Air, 256GB, Core i7 for just over a week and here are my impressions... First, the good stuff... - The industrial design is absolutely gorgeous and rock-solid. The laptop is thin, light and pleasure to look at. - Screen is 13" but the resolution is comparable to that of most 15"+ laptops. Perfectly usable for graphic/software development. While Macbook Air uses (supposedly) an inferior TN panel compared to Macbook Pro, I did not find a drastic difference between the two (I also own a 17" Macbook Pro). The Air has slightly smaller viewing angles and perhaps not as good colour reproduction, but the differences are subtle. Also, theres a lot less glare on Airs "glossy" display compared to glossy Macbook Pro. - Performance is great, in some cases it bests the Quad Core i7 17" Macbook Pro, thanks to its SSD Drive. Startups/shutdowns are super fast and the applications open/close almost instantly. Having said... Read more Help other customers find the most helpful reviews  Was this review helpful to you?  Report abuse | Permalink   Comments (13) 155 of 171 people found the following review helpful Best Macbook to date, August 12, 2011 By  iGlaswegian "Z.S" (Scotland) - See all my reviews This review is from: Apple MacBook Air MC965LL/A 13.3-Inch Laptop (NEWEST VERSION) (Personal Computers) Customer Video Review Length:: 7:19 Mins Help other customers find the most helpful reviews  Was this review helpful to you?  Report abuse | Permalink   Comments (8)

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An ELT Glossary Terms beginning with A

This section is currently under development. Links will be added gradually

Abstract noun
Acculturation Model

Accuracy

Achievement tests

Acquisition                 

Acquisition/Learning hypothesis

Action research 
Activist learning style

Address form     
Addition      

Adjacency pair                         

Adjectival noun 

Adjective           

Adjective clause

Adjunct                       

Adverb                        

Adverbial           

Adverbial clause          

Adverb particle

Affective filter hypothesis        

Affective strategies

Affective variables                              

Affix

Affricate   

Agent

Aims

Allomorph

Allophone

Alveolar consonants
Alveolar flap/tap
Anacoluthon  
Analytic assessment          

Analytic learning style

Anaphoric reference

Anchoring

Antonym    

A posteriori syllabus
Aphasia                       

Apical consonants  

Applied linguistics

Apposition

Approach

Appropriacy    
Approximant          

Approximative system

ARC

Articles                        

Articulators

Aspect         

Aspiration  

Assessment

Assimilation

Asynchronous learning         

Attributive adjectives

Audio-lingualism
Auditory learning style

Authentic texts/materials

Authentic task

Autonomy/Autonomous learning

Auxiliary verb

Awareness-raising

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5 Classroom Management Tips To Silence A Noisy Class

Every teacher has the class from hell that just wont settle down. Rob Johanson suggests 5 tips to help you get silence from the worst kids in school...


1. The first thing to remember is that you are the boss.

Self belief is incredibly important in this job. You can’t expect pupils to respond positively to you unless you believe, really believe, that you fully deserve their respect and compliance. The thought that you are the leader in the classroom must be at the forefront of your mind.

If you give any sign at all that you are NOT in FULL CONTROL, children will sense this and exploit your weaknesses. You MUST project strength and the impression that you will not tolerate any disobedience.

All too often a teacher will enter a lesson filled with dread and give out the signal that they are beaten before the lesson even starts. Pupils sense this. If you’ve been having a hard time with a particular group they will come to expect that you will be a walk-over and get into the habit of talking freely with total disregard for your threats.

2. Have definite rules on noise

Once you’ve decided on your rules (preferably with input from the pupils) you need to ensure the pupils are totally clear what those rules are. There must be no ambiguity and therefore no room for argument.

We all know how important consistency is in terms of classroom management but unless you have a clear set of rules to work to in the first place, you can’t consistently apply them.

So, what is your rule on noise?

Mine is simple: If I say there is to be no talking, then there is to be no talking. I will not tolerate being interrupted without taking action. I seldom enforce this rule for longer than a few minutes – just at those key times when I am either explaining something, starting a new task or taking a register etc. - but if I tell a group that I want total silence, then I mean it. And any pupil who ignores this is dealt with straight away.

For example, never let a pupil shout out without reminding them to put up their hand. Never, allow pupils to continue talking at the start of a lesson when you’ve started explaining the objective. Never, let pupils interrupt you without reminding them that it is unacceptable to do so.

If you let them get away with it once, you have effectively trained them to try and get away with it again.

3. Control entry to the classroom

The ideal place to establish control over your pupils is outside the door - before you even let them in the room.You must start the lesson under your terms. And the lesson starts before they enter the room with you having them line up outside the door in an orderly manner.

This is the perfect time to gauge the mood of the group and indeed the individuals in the group. You can easily spot potential problems (unhappy pupils, cases of bullying, arguments etc.) and deal with them rather than letting them go unnoticed and having them escalate into serious disruptions during your lesson.

If the group won’t stand still and quiet don’t let them in the room. They must do EXACTLY as you say before you let them through the door. If they run to a chair bring them back again and make them walk. If you let them get away with anything at this important stage, you will set the tone as being one where they can get away with things. You don’t want that.

4. Have ‘settling work’ ready for them when they enter the room
If you have a group who just won’t settle try presenting them with some of the following ‘settling work’ as soon as they enter the room. But… make sure you add this little twist to ensure the pupils get stuck into it straight away…

On your board have the following written up…

“Complete the work detailed below. You have ten minutes. If you don’t finish it, you will return at break to complete it.”

Obviously you need to adjust individual work targets for less able pupils to make it fair. Once they’ve started you can go round the slow workers very quietly, out of earshot of the others, and tell them where to stop. i.e. give them a work target which requires less writing than the others –

“James, you can stop when you get to the end of this sentence”. (And put a pencil mark where you want them to get up to.)

The great advantage of this strategy is that it gives you a few minutes to get your resources sorted out. I do use this if I want to show a DVD clip and haven’t had time to set the AV equipment up for example.

On each desk you could have a quick topic-related puzzle, a review quiz of last lesson’s work, a cloze exercise or some text copying work. Nothing too difficult – you don’t want to confuse them because they’ll spend ten minutes asking questions instead of settling down. Choose something simple (and preferably light-hearted or fun) that requires no explanation or fuss.

As well as having the instructions written on the board, greet them at the door and say…

“Get started on the simple task on your desk – you have ten minutes to finish it.”

Once they’re in the room you can then add…

“Anyone not finishing this little task will finish it at break – there should be no talking. If you talk you’ll come back at break and do it in silence then.”

If you want them to copy notes from the board (or a book) make sure there isn’t a huge amount of text otherwise you will provoke complaints. You can ‘hide’ extra work by having five or ten lines of text for them to copy and then a note at the end saying “Now answer question 2 on page 46” which could be another five or ten lines of notes.

Comments like…

“It is entirely your choice as to whether or not you get break. If you want break, do the work. If you don’t want break, sit and chat.”

…can be used if they don’t settle straight away.

5. The Right Way To Ask For Silence

You may have been told that an alternative to shouting for silence is to simply wait for rowdy pupils to calm down.

And wait… And wait… And wait…

Teachers have mixed views as to the effectiveness of waiting for silence before continuing with the lesson because in many cases it just doesn’t work.

Some classes will respond positively to this strategy almost straight away but a hard class will test your mettle and try to push you way beyond 5 or 10 minutes.

They’ll enjoy watching your expression turn to desperation and laugh at the fact that your plan isn’t working.

At a time like this you need to bring in sanctions and make them see that their continuous disobedience will not be tolerated.

If you have a strong, commanding voice you can shout for quiet and explain what the sanctions will be if they continue talking. If you can’t be sure that your voice will cut through the noise sufficiently, you can communicate via the board by writing your instructions. Write up your instructions in bold, capital letters. You may need to give them slightly longer time to comply – allowing for the fact that they may not all read your instructions straight away.

This is what to say…

(You may think that these sanctions won’t work with your toughest class but they are phrased in a very specific manner as you’ll soon see. If you rigorously and consistently apply them you will win. Your class will settle. I’ve never known it fail).

“If you wish to continue talking during my lesson I will have to take time off you at break. By the time I‘ve written the title on the board you need to be sitting in silence. Anyone who is still talking after that will be kept behind for 5 minutes.”

Phrasing your instructions in this way when you want a class to be quiet is very powerful and almost always guarantees success.

Let’s examine why:

Firstly, you are being very fair and giving the pupils a warning…

“If you wish to continue talking during my lesson I will have to take time off you at break.”

When teachers try to issue a punishment without a warning…

“Right you’ve just lost your break!”

…they are often met with a torrent of abuse…

“No way, that’s not fair – we weren’t doing anything!!!”

I always find that giving pupils a fair warning about an impending sanction takes the sting out of a confrontational situation.

Secondly, you are telling them exactly what they are doing wrong, and exactly how to put it right…

“…you need to be sitting in silence.”

Thirdly, you are giving them a clear time by which you expect full compliance…

“By the time I‘ve written the title on the board you need to be sitting in silence.”

Fourthly, and very importantly, you are telling them exactly what will happen to them if they don’t do as you ask…

“Anyone who is still talking after that will be kept behind for 5 minutes.”

These key features are important if you want pupils to follow your instructions because they leave no room for questions, debates, arguments or confusion. The pupils know exactly what they’re doing wrong, what will happen if they continue and how to correct their behavior so as to evade a sanction.

N.B. I’m fully aware that timetable constraints do not allow teachers to keep pupils back after each and every lesson. For that reason you need to think about the sanctions you will issue. You could for example hit the class hard and tell them that any pupils still talking will receive a letter home but it may be better to start off with a small sanction (such as staying behind after school for 5 minutes) because you can then add to it if and when the behavior continues.

Rob Johnson is the author of Magic Classroom Management – How to get the most from the worst kids in school. He is Deputy Head Teacher at a special school in the UK and has been working with challenging young people for 15 years.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• Article Source: Ezine Articles Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2007 Rob Johnson http://www.classroom-management.org
• Photo provided under Creative commons Licence by TAudiophile via flickr

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Making a Jam Dress Form!

So this semester I am taking mostly online classes. On the negative side, I have to be really careful about being keeping up with the due dates for all my classes. On the positive side, I dont have to commute as much (2 hours/day) to school. I do have to go once a week for my fashion illustration class, but that is going to be fun. The first drawing I did was pretty terrible and I worked on it for an hour and half! I will post it up later under my sketchbook once I have a few more.  I look forward to hopefully getting better.

This weekend I was able to finally make a cast of myself with the help of my lovely friend, Melissa. I used the instructions found on Lulushions blog.  Altogether I think it took about four hours?  Mostly the drying took a long time.  It got really tight, so sometimes I thought I would go crazy.  I kept it together though.  I was determined to have my own form fitting dress form.  It has to dry for at least 24 hours before I can move onto the next step.  Here are some fun pictures from the day.

"I am ready!"

Plastic wrap dress.  So fashionable! ;)

Three layers of drying plaster wrap.

Waddled my way to the window for warmth.

A line was drawn down the sides, before Melissa cut the cast off me.

Two beautiful pieces!

All wrapped up to dry.

Me and the cast!
Next step will be to use the cast to create the papier-mâché dress form!

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